September 28, 2022

Human Rights Treaties

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations
International Human Rights Treaties and Protocols

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Optional Protocols (1966, 1966, 1986)

1966

1966

1989

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Optional Protocol (1966, 2008)

1966

2008

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol (1979, 1999)

1979

1999

Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and its Optional Protocol (1984, 2002)

1984

2002

Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols (1989, 2000, 2011)

1989

2000

2011

International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990)

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (1992)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol (2006)

General Comments and Recommendations: Human rights treaty bodies publish interpretations of the provisions of its respective human rights treaty in the form of “general comments” or “general recommendations”. 
The following general comments adopted by the Human Rights Committee frequently arise in the counter-terrorism context.

General Comment No. 8 (Right to liberty and security of persons)
General Comment No. 13 (Administration of justice)
General Comment No. 16 (Right to privacy)
General Comment No. 18 (Non-discrimination)
General Comment No. 20 (Prohibition of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment)
General Comment No. 21 (Human treatment of persons deprived of liberty)
General Comment No. 27 (Freedom of movement)
General Comment No. 29 (Derogation during state of emergency)
General Comment No. 34 (freedom of opinion and expression)


Human Rights Instruments

Instruments & mechanisms

https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-and-mechanisms


Core instruments

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Regional Human Rights Treaties

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations

https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-terrorism/international-standards-promotion-and-protection-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms-while

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kQDdim65cHBSSaSGjNS3pb8Gfl4pLqg6/view?usp=sharing


European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950)

https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_eng.pdf

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lIitvJ2nCl7V9kP_xLvBKKec2Ak6Bhks/view?usp=sharing


American Convention on Human Rights (1969)

https://www.cidh.oas.org/basicos/english/basic3.american%20convention.htm

https://drive.google.com/file/d/16C28HR8AWb6zpd6qM931S6FEiQ-g_u83/view?usp=sharing


African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1981)

https://www.achpr.org/public/Document/file/English/banjul_charter.pdfhttps://www.achpr.org/legalinstruments/detail?id=49

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1j9fcw9SSexJyYDYVD8Wzn24C-ePw_cIG/view?usp=sharing


Arab Charter on Human Rights (2004)

https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/551368/files/%5BST_HR_%5DCHR_NONE_2004_40_Rev.1-EN.pdf?ln=en

https://drive.google.com/file/d/14716olBUw4dbcLeQMzYaDhDQm-5F1uBQ/view?usp=sharing


European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (2012)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT

https://drive.google.com/file/d/112Z0bzx_mBOwHfNraNpDvfzpg56DfVSO/view?usp=sharing

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Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action

The Fourth World Conference on Women
United Nations 
September 1995


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Humanitarian Law Conventions and Protocols

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations

https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-terrorism/international-standards-promotion-and-protection-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms-while

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kQDdim65cHBSSaSGjNS3pb8Gfl4pLqg6/view?usp=sharing


International humanitarian law contains several provisions that expressly prohibit acts of terrorism or otherwise implicate counter-terrorism efforts, including the below. While international humanitarian law pertains to situations of armed conflict, international human rights law is applicable at all times and to all persons.


Geneva Convention (IV) on Civilians (1949), article 33

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=AE2D398352C5B028C12563CD002D6B5C&action=OpenDocument

Geneva Conventions, common article 3

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/375-590006

Additional Protocol I (1977), articles 5(2), 13, 56

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=D9E6B6264D7723C3C12563CD002D6CE4&action=OpenDocument

Additional Protocol II, articles 4(2), 13(2)

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=D9E6B6264D7723C3C12563CD002D6CE4&action=OpenDocument


The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949

https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-0173.pdf

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BqFv9Tyc35N23hLJ02t9e1voce6pB09W/view?usp=sharing


Summary of The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Their Additional Protocols

https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-0368.pdf

https://drive.google.com/file/d/12SVMVlJEgLaX1aIlnDPodnjAjJqJA4NN/view?usp=sharing


https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/atg/PDF_s/International_Services/International_Humanitarian_Law/IHL_SummaryGenevaConv.pdf

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yCbQgTkCaNr_Hm0e5CUXJff4jMTbwUtp/view?usp=sharing


Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols, and their Commentaries

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/vwTreaties1949.xsp


Geneva Convention (I) on Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 1949 and its commentary - 12.08.1949

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=4825657B0C7E6BF0C12563CD002D6B0B&action=openDocument

Geneva Convention (II) on Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked of Armed Forces at Sea, 1949 and its commentary - 12.08.1949

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=2F5AA9B07AB61934C12563CD002D6B25&action=openDocument

Geneva Convention (III) on Prisoners of War, 1949 and its commentary - 12.08.1949

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=77CB9983BE01D004C12563CD002D6B3E&action=openDocument

Geneva Convention (IV) on Civilians, 1949 and its commentary - 12.08.1949

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=AE2D398352C5B028C12563CD002D6B5C&action=openDocument

Additional Protocol (I) to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 and its commentary - 08.06.1977

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=D9E6B6264D7723C3C12563CD002D6CE4&action=openDocument

Annex (I) AP (I), as amended in 1993 and its commentary - 30.11.1993

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=A1D622EE77F6964A41256650004C9909&action=openDocument

Annex (I) AP (I), 1977 and its commentary - 08.06.1977

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=D5A9293CFC91142341256650004C96C3&action=openDocument

Annex (II) AP (I), 1977 and its commentary - 08.06.1977

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=6079F1ED1C474F8441256650004C9A74&action=openDocument

Additional Protocol (II) to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 and its commentary - 08.06.1977

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=AA0C5BCBAB5C4A85C12563CD002D6D09&action=openDocument

Additional Protocol (III) to the Geneva Conventions, 2005 and its commentary - 08.12.2005

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=8BC1504B556D2F80C125710F002F4B28&action=openDocument

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Refugee Law Convention and Protocol

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations


Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol (1951, 1967)



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